Personalised online sales using web usage data mining

Practically every major company with a retail operation has its own web site and online sales facilities. This paper describes a toolset that exploits web usage data mining techniques to identify customer Internet browsing patterns. These patterns are then used to underpin a personalised product recommendation system for online sales. Within the architecture, a Kohonen neural network or self-organizing map (SOM) has been trained for use both offline, to discover user group profiles, and in real-time to examine active user click stream data, make a match to a specific user group, and recommend a unique set of product browsing options appropriate to an individual user. Our work demonstrates that this approach can overcome the scalability problem that is common among these types of system. Our results also show that a personalised recommender system powered by the SOM predictive model is able to produce consistent recommendations

Chinese electronic journals

Chinese electronic journal

Personalising e-commerce: An approach based on capturing real-time browsing behaviour

The rise in online trading and consequent proliferation of user’s interests on the internet has created significant interest in the notion of personalised product recommendations. This research describes a Web personalisation and recommender system that uses web usage data mining techniques to predict user’s preferences and interests during each browsing session and provide tailored content based on this prediction in order to leverage customer retention and engage users at personal level. There are problems associated with traditional Web personalisation approaches such as collaborative or content-based filtering. These problems include lack of scalability and reliance on subjective user input during online registration process. In this research, we present a framework distinguishing the web usage mining task with a short-term (online) module and a long-term (offline) module. An offline web usage mining operation is scheduled at off-peak times acting upon click stream, whilst, an online mining process is dedicated to delivering tailored personalised services to the current user in real time. This research demonstrates that such an approach can overcome the scalability problem that is common among traditional approaches, and successfully provide a personalised service to any anonymous visits without a dependency on user registration. In addition, the proposed system is implemented in an open and expandable platform based on a three-tier architecture. This research has demonstrated that the three-tier implementation can overcome the limitations of traditional systems based on a two-tier architecture with increased scalability.</p

Additional file 1: of Abnormal brain white matter in patients with right trigeminal neuralgia: a diffusion tensor imaging study

Table S1. Characteristics and findings in 29 right TN patients who underwent MVD. Table S2. Demographic and clinical data for TN patients and healthy controls. Table S3. Comparison of DTI metrics between TN and controls. Figure S1. TBSS shows white matter regions with significant differences in RD between TN patients and healthy subjects (P < 0.05, FWE corrected). Green represents mean FA skeleton of all participants; red denotes increase in right TN patients. Coordinates are in millimeters along z axe. Figure S2. Correlation between the increased RD and disease duration and VAS. Coordinates are in millimeters along z axe. (DOC 1102 kb

Switchable Ethylene Tri-/Tetramerization with High Activity: Subtle Effect Presented by Backbone-Substituent of Carbon-Bridged Diphosphine Ligands

The effect of backbone-substituent of carbon-bridged diphosphine ligands of the types {Ph₂PCH­(R)­CH₂PPh₂} and {Ph₂PC­(R)CHPPh₂} on the catalyst performance in ethylene oligomerization has been explored. Cr complex bearing a methyl-substituted diphosphine ligand with saturated linker exhibited the highest selectivity of 64.7% toward 1-octene. Cr complex bearing a tert-butyl-substituted diphosphine ligand with unsaturated linker showed a high activity of 4238 kg/(g Cr/h) at 40 bar and 40 °C and achieved a high total selectivity of 79.1% toward valuable 1-hexene and 1-octene. The 1-hexene selectivity could be improved up to 55.2% (19.4% 1-octene) at 20 bar and 80 °C. Some of the new complexes are even more active than the well-known most efficient ethylene tri/tetramerization catalyst systems

The transformation between space groups P4₁22 and C222₁.

<p>(A) The projection of symmetry elements in space group P4₁22 along 4₁ axis; (B) Degeneration of P4₁22: 4₁ axis are transformed into 2₁ axis, while the 2 fold axis, generated by 4₁ axis, disappear too. The cell is rotated clockwise by 45° around 4₁ axis; (C) The cell parameter a′ and b′ in C222₁ space group take the diagonal direction along <b>a+b</b> and <b>a−b</b> of space group P4₁22, respectively, and forms new unit cell; (D) In order to follow the international conversion of space group C222₁, the origin is translated 3/8 cell length along c axis.</p

Modelling of Cthe_2751.

<p>(A) Cartoon of the model predicted by I-TASSER (B) Superposition of the Cα atoms of the predicted structure (magenta) over the experimental crystal structure (blue). (C) Average distance tree for Cthe_2751 constructed by the Jalview 2.6.1 Java alignment editor using BLOSUM62.</p

Two dimensional projection (along C axis direction) of 2-fold symmetry related molecules for space group P4₁22 and C222₁.

<p>The transformation between space groups P4₁22 and C222₁ is illustrated. (A) The projection of Cthe_2751 monomer (dark blue) and 7 symmetry related molecules along C axis. The homodimer of Cthe_2751 (dark and light blue molecules) is related by crystallographic 2-fold 2(x 0 0). Please note that 4₁ screw symmetry related molecules are not shown for the sake of only displaying the transformation between P4₁22 and C222₁ space groups; (B) In order to illustrate the transformation between P4₁22 and C222₁ space groups, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031673#pone-0031673-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3A</a> is rotated 45 degrees clockwise around 4₁ axis; (C) The projection of Cthe_2751 dimer along C axis. The 4 Cthe_2751 dimers in C222₁ space group have almost the same orientation as that of the 8 Cthe_2751 monomers (or 4 dimers) in the 45° rotated P4₁22 unit cell.</p

Characterization of Cthe_2751 (A) Sequence alignment of Cthe_2751 homologues.

<p>Only the top 11 matches with Cthe_2751 amino acids 1–134 are shown. Conservation is colored according to ClustalW convention. (B) Size exclusion profile of Cthe_2751 run on Hi Load 10/300 Superdex G75 gel filtration column equilibrated with 20 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM NaCl, pH 8.0, reveals that the protein exists as a dimer in solution. SDS-PAGE picture (inset) showing the purity of Cthe_2751 before crystallization. (C) Sedimentation velocity experiments performed using an analytical ultracentrifuge suggested that Cthe_2751 forms a dimer in solution. The curve was generated using Sedfit software.</p

Details of models built by different 3D structure prediction programs.

†<p>– Root mean square deviations in Å for corresponding Cα atoms of the best solution that were aligned with those of the crystal structure of Cthe_2751.</p>&<p>- Number of Solutions is the number of models predicted by the software.</p